ROBERT HUES. TRACTATUS DE GLOBIS ET EORUM USU (1592).
TRACTATUS DE GLOBIS
ET EORUM USU.
A TREATISE
DESCRIPTIVE OF THE GLOBES CONSTRUCTED BY
EMERY MOLYNEUX, AND PUBLISHED
IN 1592.
BY
ROBERT HUES.
BY
CLEMENTS R MARKHAM, C.B., F.R.S.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE IIAKLUYT SOCIETY,
4, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, W.C.
M.DCCC.LXXXIX.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
TAULE OF CONTENTS . . . . . vii
INTRODUCTION . . . . .xi
LATIN TITLE . . . . . li
ENGLISH TITLE ... liii
TABLE OF CONTEXTS FROM EDITION OF 1594 . . lv
DEDICATORY EPISTLE TO SIR WALTER RALEIGH . . 1
PREFACE . . . . . .5
FIRST PART.
Of those things which are common both to the Cœlestiall and
Terrestriall Globe . . .19
CHAP. I. What a Globe is, with the parts thereof, and of
the Circles of the Globe . . .19
CHAP. II. Of the Circles which are described upon the Super-
ficies of the Globe. . . .23
CHAP. III. Of the three positions of Spheres : Right, Parallel,
and Oblique . . . .33
CHAP. IV. Of the Zones . . . .37
CHAP. V. Of the Amphiscii, Heteroscii, and Peviscii . 39
CHAP. VI. Of the Periseci, Antaxi, and Antipodes . . 40
CHAR. VII. Of Climates and Parallels . . .42
SECOND PART.
CHAP. I. Of such things as are proper to the Cœlestiall
Globe ; and first of the Planets . . 44
CHAP. II. Of the Fixed Stars and their Constellations . 47
CHAP. III. Of the Constellations of the Xorthcrne Hemisphere 50
V11L
CONTENTS.
CHAP. IV. Of the Northerne Signes of the Zodiaque . 55
CHAP. V. Of the Constellations of the Southerne Hemisphere
and first of those in the Zodiaque . . 57
CHAP. VI. Of the Constellations of the Southerne Hemisphere,
which are without the Zodiaque . . 59
CHAP. VII. Of the Starres which are not expressed in the Globe 62
THIRD PART.
CHAP. I. Of the Geographicall description of the Terrestriall
Globe ; and the parts of the world yet knowne . 68
CHAP. II. Of the Circumference of the Earth, or of a Greater
Circle ; and of the Measure of a Degree . 80
FOURTH PART.
Of the Use of Globes . . . . .95
ÑÏÀÐ. I. How to finde the Longitude, Latitude, Distance, and
Angle of Position, or situation of any place ex-
pressed in the Terrestriall Globe . . 96
ÑÏÀÐ. II. How to finde the Latitude of any place . . 98
ÑÏÀÐ. III. How to find the distance of two places, and angle of
position, or situation . . .99
CHAP. IV. To finde the altitude of the Sunne, or other Starre 100
CHAP. V. To finde the place and declination of the Sunne for
any day given . . . .100
ÑÏÀÐ. VI. How to finde the latitude of any place by observing
the Meridian Altitude of the Sunne or other
Starre . . . . .102
CHAP. VII. How to find the Right and Oblique Ascension of
the Sunne and Starres for any Latitude of place
and time assigned ... 104
CHAP. VIII. How to finde out the Horizontal! difference betwixt
the Meridian and Verticall circle of the Sunne or
any other Starre (which they call the Azimuth),
for any time or place assigned . . 106
CHAP. IX. How to finde the houre of the day, as also the Am-
plitude, of rising and setting of the Sunne and
Starres, for any time or latitude of place . 107
CONTENTS.
CHAP. X. Of the threefold rising and setting of Stars . 109
CHAP. XI. How to finde the beginning and end of Twilight for
any time, and Latitude of Place . .113
CHAP. XII. How to find the length of the Artificiall Day or
Xight, or quantity of the Sunne's Parallel that
remaines above the Horizon, and that is hid be-
neath it, for any Latitude of place and time
assigned. As also to find the same of any other
Starres . . . . .114
CHAP. XIII. How to finde out the houre of the Day or Night, both
equall and unequall, for any time or Latitude of
place . . . . .117
CHAP. XIV. To finde out the Longitude, Latitude, and Declina-
tion of any fixed Starre as it is expressed in the
Globe . . . . .1.18
CHAP. XV. To finde the variation of the Compasse for any Lati-
tude of place . . . .119
CHAP. XVI. How to make a Sunne Diall by the Globe for any
Latitude of place . . . .123
FIFTH PART.
Of the Rombes that are described in the Terrestriall Globe, and
their use . . . . .127
Of the use of Rumbes in the Terrestriall Globe . . 134
I. The difference of Longitude and Latitude of two places
being knowne, how to find out the Rumbe and Distance
of the same . . . . .139
II. The Rumbe being known, and difference of Longitude ; how
to find the difference of latitude and distance . .143
III. The difference of Longitude and distance being given, how to
find the Rumbe and difference of Latitude . .144
IV. The difference of latitude and Rumbe being given, how to
find the difference of longitude and distance . .144
V. The difference of latitude and distance being given, the
Rumbe aud difference of longitude may be found . 145
VI. The Rumbe and difference being given, the difference of
Longitude and Latitude may also be found . . 146
X . CONTENTS.
INDEX GEOGRAPIIICUS ... 149
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF NAMES . . . .176
INDEX OF NAMES OF STARS GIVEN BY HUES IN HIS «TRACTATES
DE GLOBIS», WITH REMARKS . . . 206
INDEX OF PLACES MENTIONED ... 222
INDEX TO SUBJECTS ... 226
ILLUSTRATION.
THE MOLYNEUX CELESTIAL GLOBE (after a photograph, by kind
permission of the Treasurer and Benchers of the Middle
Temple) ... Frontispiece
INTRODUCTION.
AT the time when English sailors began to make
the reign of the great Queen illustrious by daring-
voyages and famous discoveries, it was natural that
these deeds should be worthily recorded. When
Drake and Cavendish had circumnavigated the globe,
when Raleigh had planted Virginia, Davis had dis-
covered his Straits, and Lancaster had found his
way to India, the time had come for Hakluyt to
publish his Principal Navigations, and for Moly-
neux to construct his Globes.
Englishmen were coming to the front rank as
discoverers and explorers, and it naturally followed
that maps and globes should be prepared by their
countrymen at home, which should alike record the
work already achieved and be useful for the guid-
ance of future navigators. But the construction of
globes entailed considerable expense, and there was
need for liberal patronage to enable scientific men
to enter upon such undertakings.
In the days of Queen Elizabeth the merchants of
England were ever ready to encourage enterprises
having for their objects the improvement of naviga-
tion and the advancement of the prosperity of
their country. While the constructor of the first
Xll
INTRODUCTION.
globes ever made in this country received help and
advice from navigators and mathematicians, he was
liberally supplied with funds by one of the most
munificent of our merchant princes. The appear-
ance of the globes naturally created a great sensa-
tion, and much interest was taken in appliances
which were equally useful to the student and to
the practical navigator. Two treatises intended to
describe these new appliances, and to serve as guides
for their use, were published very soon after their
completion. One of these, the Tractatus de Glohis
of the celebrated mathematician, Robert Hues, has
been selected for republication by the Hakluyt
Society. Before describing the Molyneux Globes,
and the contents of the Guide to their use, it will
be well to pass in review the celestial and terres-
trial globes which preceded, or were contemporaneous
with, the first that was made in England, so far as
a knowledge of them has come down to us.
The celestial preceded the terrestrial globes by
many centuries. The ancients appear to have adopted
this method of representing the heavenly bodies
and their movements at a very early period. Dio-
dorus Siculus asserts that the use of the globe was
first discovered by Atlas of Libya, whence originated
the fable of his bearing up the heavens on his
shoulders. Others attribute the invention to Thales ;
and subsequent geographers, such as Archimedes,
Crates, and Proclus, are said to have improved
upon it. Posidonius, who flourished 150 B.C., and
is often quoted by Strabo, constructed a revolving
INTRODUCTION.
xiii
sphere to exhibit the motions of the heavenly bodies ;
and three hundred years afterwards Ptolemy laid
down rules for the construction of globes. There
are some other allusions to the use of globes among
ancient writers ; the last being contained in a passage
of Leontius Mechanicus, who flourished in the time
of Justinian. He constructed a celestial globe in
accordance with the rules of Ptolemy, and after the
description of stars and constellations given by
Aratus. Globes frequently occur on Iloman coins.
Generally the globe is merely used to denote univer-
sal dominion. But in some instances, especially on
a well-known medallion of the Emperor Commodus,
a celestial globe, copied, no doubt, from those in use
at the time, is clearly represented. No Greek or
Iloman globes have, however, come down to us. The
oldest in existence are those made by the Arabian
astronomers.
The earliest form appears to have been the armil-
lary sphere, consisting of metal rings fixed round a
centre, and crossing each other on various planes,
intended to represent the orbits of heavenly bodies.
The Arab globes were of metal, and had the con-
stellations and fixed stars engraved upon them.
At least live dating from the thirteenth century
have been preserved. One is in the National Museum
at Naples, with the date 1225. Another, elated
1275, belongs to the Asiatic Society of London;
and a third, dated 12S9, is at Dresden. Ther
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