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PEDRO SARMIENTO DE GAMBOA. HISTORY OF THE INCAS
Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. Historia de los Incas
HISTORY OF THE INCAS
by
PEDRO SARMIENTO DE GAMBOA
Translated and Edited with Notes and an Introduction
by Sir Clements Markham, K.C.B. President of the Hakluyt Society.
Cambridge: Printed for the Hakluyt Society. MDCCCCVII. Cambridge:
Printed by John Clay, M.A. at the University Press.
COUNCIL OF THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY.
SIR CLEMENTS MARKHAM, K.C.B., F.R.S., _President_.
THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF LIVERPOOL, _Vice-President_.
THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD AMHERST OF HACKNEY, _Vice-President_.
THE RIGHT HON. THE LORD BELHAVEN AND STENTON.
THOMAS B. BOWRING.
COLONEL GEORGE EARL CHURCH.
SIR WILLIAM MARTIN CONWAY, M.A., F.S.A.
THE REV. CANON JOHN NEALE DALTON, C.M.G., C.V.O.
GEORGE WILLIAM FORREST, C.I.E.
WILLIAM FOSTER, B.A.
THE RIGHT HON. SIR GEORGE TAUBMIN GOLDIE, K.C.M.G., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S.,
_Pres. R.G.S._
ALBERT GRAY, K.C.
EDWARD HEAWOOD, M.A.
COLONEL SIR THOMAS HUNGERFORD HOLDICH, K.C.M.G., K.C.S.I., C.B., R.E.
JOHN SCOTT KELTIE, LL.D.
ADMIRAL SIR ALBERT HASTINGS MARKHAM, K.C.B.
ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM RICHARDS, G.C.B.
ADMIRAL OF THE FLEET SIR EDWARD HONART SEYMOUR, G.C.B., O.M.
LIEUT. -COL. SIR RICHARD CARNAC TEMPLE, BART., C.L.E.
ROLAND VENABLES VERNON, B.A.
BASIL HARRINGTON SOULSBY, B.A., F.S.A., _Honorary Secretary_.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Introduction
Dedicatory letter to King Philip II
I. Division of the history
II. The ancient division of the land
III. Description of the ancient Atlantic Island
IV. First inhabitants of the world and principally of
the Atlantic Island
V. Inhabitants of the Atlantic Island
VI. The fable of the origin of these barbarous Indians
of Peru, according to their blind opinions
VII. Fable of the second age, and creation of the
barbarous Indians according to their account
VIII. The ancient _Behetrias_ of these kingdoms of
Peru and their provinces
IX. The first settlers in the valley of Cuzco
X. How the Incas began to tyrannize over the lands
and inheritances
XI. The fable of the origin of the Incas of Cuzco
XII. The road which these companies of the Incas took
to the valley of Cuzco, and of the fables which
are mixed with their history
XIV. Entry of the Incas into the valley of Cuzco, and
the fables they relate concerning it
XIV. The difference between Manco Ccapac and the
Alcabisas, respecting the arable land
XV. Commences the life of Sinchi Rocca, the second Inca
XVI. The life of Lloqui Yupanqui, the third Inca
XVII. The life of Mayta Ccapac, the fourth Inca
XVIII. The life of Ccapac Yupanqui, the fifth Inca
XIX. The life of Inca Rocca, the sixth Inca
XX. The life of Titu Cusi Hualpa, vulgarly called
Yahuar-huaccac
XXI. What happened after the Ayarmarcas had stolen
Titu Cusi Hualpa
XXII. How it became known that Yahuar-huaccac was alive
XXIII. Yahuar-huaccac Inca Yupanqui commences his reign alone,
after the death of his father
XXIV. Life of Viracocha, the eighth Inca
XXV. The provinces and towns conquered by the eighth Inca
Viracocha
XXVI. Life of Inca Yupanqui or Pachacuti, the ninth Inca
XXVII. Coming of the Chancas against Cuzco
XXVIII. The second victory of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui
over the Chancas
XXIX. The Inca Yupanqui assumes the sovereignty and takes
the fringe, without the consent of his father
XXX. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui rebuilds the city of Cuzco
XXXI. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui rebuilds the House of the Sun
and establishes new idols in it
XXXII. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui depopulates two leagues of
country near Cuzco
XXXIII. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui kills his elder brother
named Inca Urco
XXXIV. The nations which Pachacuti Inca subjugated and the
towns he took; and first of Tocay Ccapac, Sinchi of
the Ayamarcas, and the destruction of the Cuyos
XXXV. The other nations conquered by Inca Yupanqui, either
in person or through his brother Inca Rocca
XXXVI. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui endows the House of the Sun
with great wealth
XXXVII. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui conquers the province
of Colla-suyu
XXXVIII. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui sends an army to conquer
the province of Chinchay-suyu
XXXIX. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui plants _mitimaes_ in all
the lands he had conquered
XL. The Collas, sons of Chuchi Ccapac, rebel against
Inca Yupanqui to obtain their freedom
XLI. Amaru Tupac Inca and Apu Paucar Usnu continue the
conquest of the Collao and again subdue the Collas
XLII. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui nominates his son Tupac Inca
Yupanqui as his successor
XLIII. How Pachacuti armed his son Tupac Inca
XLIV. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui sends his son Tupac Inca
Yupanqui to conquer Chinchay-suyu
XLV. How Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui visited the provinces
conquered for him by his captains
XLVI. Tupac Inca Yupanqui sets out, a second time, by
order of his father, to conquer what remained
unsubdued in Chinchay-suyu
XLVII. Death of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui
XLVIII. The life of Tupac Inca Yupanqui, the tenth Inca
XLIX. Tupac Inca Yupanqui conquers the province of the Antis
L. Tupac Inca Yupanqui goes to subdue and pacify the Collas
LI. Tupac Inca makes the _Yanaconas_
LII. Tupac Inca Yupanqui orders a second visitation of the
land, and does other things
LIII. Tupac Inca makes the fortress of Cuzco
LIV. Death of Tupac Inca Yupanqui
LV. The life of Huayna Ccapac, eleventh Inca
LVI. They give the fringe of Inca to Huayna Ccapac, the
eleventh Inca
LVII. The first acts of Huayna Ccapac after he became Inca
LVIII. Huayna Ccapac conquers Chachapoyas
LIX. Huayna Ccapac makes a visitation of the whole empire
from Quito to Chile
LX. Huayna Ccapac makes war on the Quitos, Pastos,
Carangues, Cayambis, Huancavilcas
LXI. The Chirihuanas come to make war in Peru against
those conquered by the Incas
LXII. What Huayna Ccapac did after the-said wars
LXIII. The life of Huascar, the last Inca, and of Atahualpa
LXIV. Huascar Inca marches in person to fight Chalco
Chima and Quiz-quiz, the captains of Atahualpa
LXV. The battle between the armies of Huascar and
Atahualpa. Huascar made prisoner
LXVI. What Chalco Chima and Quiz-quiz did concerning
Huascar and those of his side in words
LXVII. The cruelties that Atahualpa ordered to be
perpetrated on the prisoners and conquered
of Huascar's party
LXVIII. News of the Spaniards comes to Atahualpa
LXIX. The Spaniards come to Caxamarca and seize
Atahualpa, who orders Huascar to be killed.
Atahualpa also dies
LXX. It is noteworthy how these Incas were tyrants
against themselves, besides being so against
the natives of the land
LXXI. Summary computation of the period that the
Incas of Peru lasted
Certificate of the proofs and verification of this history
* * * * *
Account of the Province of Vilcapampa and a narrative of
the execution of the Inca Tupac Amaru, by Captain
Baltasar de Ocampo
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
1. Map of Central Peru. 1907. By Graham Mackay, R.G.S
Six Facsimiles (reduced) from the Sarmiento MS., 1572
(Göttingen University Library):
2. _a_. Arms of Philip II of Spain. Coloured
3. _b_. Last page of Sarmiento's introductory Letter
to Philip II, with his autograph
4. _c_. Arms of Philip II. fol. 1
5. _d_. Title of the Sarmiento MS. fol. 2
6. _e_. Arms of Don Francisco de Toledo, Viceroy of
Peru, 1569--1581. fol. 132
7. _f_. Signatures of the attesting witnesses, 1572. fol. 138
8. Portrait of the Viceroy, Don Francisco de Toledo, at Lima.
From a sketch by Sir Clements Markham in 1853
9. Group of Incas, in ceremonial dresses, from figures in the
pictures in the Church of Santa Ana, Cuzco, A.D. 1570.
From a sketch by Sir Clements Markham in 1853
10. Portraits of the Incas. Facsimile of the Title-page of the
Fifth Decade of Antonio de Herrera's _Historia General de
los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme
del Mar Oceano_, Madrid, 1615. fol. From the Rev. C.M.
Cracherode's copy in the British Museum
11. Capture of Atahualpa, and Siege of Cuzco. From the
Title-page of the Sixth Decade of Antonio de Herrera
12. Map of Vilca-Pampa. 1907. By Graham Mackay, R.G.S
Plates 2--7 have been reproduced from the negatives, kindly lent
for the purpose by Professor Dr Richard Pietschmann, Director of
the Göttingen University Library.
[Illustration: 1907. Series II. Vol. XXII.
Reproduced and printed for the Hakluyt Society by Donald Macbeth.
PORTRAITS OF THE INCAS. From the Rev. C.M. Cracherode's copy in the
British Museum.]
INTRODUCTION.
The publication of the text of the Sarmiento manuscript in the Library
of Göttingen University, has enabled the Council to present the members
of the Hakluyt Society with the most authentic narrative of events
connected with the history of the Incas of Peru.
The history of this manuscript, and of the documents which accompanied
it, is very interesting. The Viceroy, Don Francisco de Toledo, who
governed Peru from 1569 to 1581, caused them to be prepared for the
information of Philip II. Four cloths were sent to the King from Cuzco,
and a history of the Incas written by Captain Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa.
On three cloths were figures of the Incas with their wives, on
medallions, with their _Ayllus_ and a genealogical tree. Historical
events in each reign were depicted on the borders. The fable of
Tampu-tocco was shown on the first cloth, and also the fables touching
the creations of Viracocha, which formed the foundation for the whole
history. On the fourth cloth there was a map of Peru, the compass lines
for the positions of towns being drawn by Sarmiento.
The Viceroy also caused repo
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