Useful Git commands

# Clone an existing repository

git clone ssh://user@domain.tld/repo.git

# Clone a unique branch from an existing repository

git clone -b <branchname> --single-branch ssh://user@domain.tld/repo.git

# Clone an existing repository and all its sub-modules recursively

git clone --recurse-submodules ssh://user@domain.tld/repo.git

# Create a new local repository

git init

# Set the name attached to all your commits

git config [--global] user.name <name>

# Set the email attached to all your commits

git config [--global] user.email <email>

# Set colorization of command line output for all repos

git config --global color.ui auto

# Print set name (in current repository or globally)

git config [--global] user.name

# Print set email (in current repository or globally)

git config [--global] user.email

# List changed files in your working directory

git status

# List changes to tracked files

git diff

# Add all current changes in file to the next commit

git add <file>

# Add all current changes to the next commit

git add .

# Add changes to the next commit interactively

git add -p <file>

# Rename file and add it to next commit

git mv <file> <new file name>

# Delete file and add its deletion to next commit

git rm <file>

# Commit all local changes in tracked files

git commit -a

# Commit previously staged changes

git commit

# Change the last commit

git commit --amend

# Note: You shouldn't amend published commits!

# Show all commits

git log

# Show changes over time for a specific file

git log -p <file>

# Show changes over time for a specific committer

git log --author=<committer name>

# Note: <committer name> is a pattern, so Ed will match Edward Smith. Quotes are optional if the pattern doesn't contain spaces.

# Search (grep) commit messages for the given string

git log --grep=<string>

# Who changed what and when in file

git blame <file>

# Store changes temporarily

git stash

# Remove and apply stashed changes

git stash pop

# Remove file from all previous commits but keep it locally

git rm --cached <file>

# List all existing branches

git branch

# Switch HEAD branch

git checkout <branch>

# Create a new branch based on your current HEAD

git branch <new-branch>

# Create a new tracking branch based on a remote branch

git branch --track <new-branch> <remote-branch>

# Delete a local branch

git branch -d <branch>

# Delete a remote branch

git push origin --delete <branch>

# Rename a branch locally

git branch -m <old name> <new name>

# Rename a branch on remote

git push <remote> :<old name>
git push <remote> <new name>

# Tag the current commit

git tag <tag-name>

# List all currently configured remotes

git remote -v

# Show information about a remote

git remote show <remote>

# Add new remote repository

git remote add <remote> <url>

# Rename a remote

git remote rename <old-name> <new-name>

# Download all changes from remote, but don't merge into HEAD

git fetch <remote>

# Download all changes from remote, but don't merge into HEAD and clean up deleted branches from origin

git fetch -p <remote>

# Download changes and directly merge into HEAD

git pull <remote> <branch>

# Publish local changes on a remote

git push <remote> <branch>

# Track a remote repository

git remote add --track <remote-branch> <remote> <url>

# Publish your tags

git push --tags

# Merge branch into your current HEAD

git merge <branch>

# Rebase your current HEAD onto branch

git rebase <branch>

# Note: You shouldn't rebase published commits!

# Abort a rebase

git rebase --abort

# Continue a rebase after resolving conflicts

git rebase --continue

# Resolve conflicts using your configured merge tool

git mergetool

# Manually resolve conflicts using your editor and mark file as resolved

git add <resolved-file>
git rm <resolved-file>

# Discard all local changes in your working directory

git reset --hard HEAD

# Discard local changes in a specific file

git checkout HEAD <file>

# Revert a commit by providing a new commit with contrary changes

git revert <commit>

# Restore a specific file from a previous commit

git checkout <commit> <file>

# Reset your HEAD pointer to a previous commit

## Discarding local changes:

git reset --hard <commit>

## Preserving all changes as unstaged changes:

git reset <commit>

## Preserving uncommitted local changes:

git reset --keep <commit>